What Types of Plays Did Shakespeare Write

The English Medieval playwright William Shakespeare wrote 38 (or so) plays during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (ruled 1558-1603) and her successor James I (r. 1603-1625). The plays are important works yet today, describing the human condition in prose, poetry, and song. His understanding of human nature led him to blend elements of human behavior—great goodness and great evil—in the same play and sometimes in the same character. Shakespeare heavily influenced literature, theater, poetry and the English language. Many English words used in todays lexicon are attributed to Shakespeares pen. For example, swagger, bedroom, lackluster, and puppy dog were all coined by the Bard of Avon. Shakespearean Innovation Shakespeare is known for using literary devices such as genre, plot, and characterization in revolutionary ways to expand on their dramatic potential. He used soliloquies—long speeches by characters spoken to the audience—not only to push along the plot of a play but also to display a characters secret life, such as in Hamlet and Othello. He also blended genres, which was not traditionally done at the time. For instance, Romeo and Juliet is both a romance and a tragedy, and Much Ado About Nothing can be called a tragi-comedy. Shakespearean critics have broken the plays into categories: Tragedies, Comedies, Histories, and Problem Plays, most written between 1589 and 1613. This list contains some of the plays which fall into each category: however, you will find that different lists have plays fall into different categories. For example, The Merchant of Venice has important elements of both Tragedy and Comedy, and it is up to the individual reader to decide which outweighs the other. Tragedies Shakespearean tragedies are plays with somber themes and dark endings. Tragic conventions used by Shakespeare feature the death and destruction of well-meaning people brought down by their own fatal flaws or the political machinations of others. Flawed heroes, the fall of a noble person, and the triumph of external pressures such as fate, spirits, or other characters over the hero are featured. Antony and Cleopatra—love between the famous Egyptian queen and her Roman soldier lover ends in suicideCoriolanus—a successful Roman general tries his hand at politics and fails miserablyHamlet—a Danish prince is driven insane by his fathers ghost demanding retribution for his murderJulius Caesar—a Roman emperor is brought down by his inner circleKing Lear—a British king decides to test which of his daughters loves him most, in order to decide who gets his realmMacbeth—a Scottish kings ambition makes him a murdererOthello—a general in the Moorish army of Venice is influenced by one of his courtiers into murdering his wifeRomeo and Juliet—the family politics of two young lovers doom themThe Tempest—stranded on a remote island, a sorcerer/duke uses magic to take his revengeTimon of Athens—a wealthy man in Athens gives away all of his money, then plots to attack the city in revengeTitus Andronicus—a Roman gener al conducts a truly bloody war of revenge against Tamora, Queen of the Goths Comedies Shakespearean comedies are on the whole more light-hearted pieces. The point of the play may not only be to make the audience laugh but also to think. Comedies feature the clever use of language to create wordplay, metaphors, and smart insults. Love, mistaken identities, and extremely convoluted plots with twist outcomes are also integral aspects of a comedy; but the lovers are always reunited in the end. As You Like It—the daughter of an ousted French ruler falls in love with the wrong man and must flee and disguise herself as a manThe Comedy of Errors—two sets of twin brothers, slaves, and noblemen, are mixed up at birth, leading to all kinds of trouble later onLoves Labours Lost—the king of Navarre and his three courtiers swear off women for three years and promptly fall in loveThe Merchant of Venice—a spendthrift noble Venetian borrows money to impress his beloved but finds himself unable to repay his loan, in cash anywayThe Merry Wives of Windsor—the British nobleman John Falstaff (featured in the Henriad history plays) has adventures with a pair of women who trick and tease himA Midsummer Nights Dream—a wager between the king and queen of the fairies has hilarious effects on the hapless humans wandering in their forestMuch Ado About Nothing—Beatrice and Benedick, a pair of Venetian adversaries, are conned by their friends into fal ling in love with one anotherThe Taming of the Shrew—a boorish man agrees to marry the wealthy but obnoxious elder daughter of a Paduan lordTwelfth Night—two twins Viola and Sebastian are separated during a shipwreck; the girl disguises herself as a man and then falls in love with a local Count Histories Despite its name, Shakespearean histories are not historically accurate. While the histories are set in Medieval England and explored class systems of that time, Shakespeare was not trying to depict the past authentically. While he used historical events as a base, Shakespeare developed the plot based on prejudices and social commentaries of his time. Shakespeares histories are only about English monarchs. Four of his plays: Richard II, the two plays of Henry IV and Henry V are called the Henriad, a tetralogy that contains events during the 100 Years War (1377-1453). Together Richard III and three plays of Henry VI explore events during the War of the Roses (1422-1485). King John—the reign of John Lackland, King of England 1199-1219Edward III—ruled England 1327-1377Richard II—ruled England 1377–1399,Henry IV, Parts 1 and 2—ruled England 1399-1413 and FranceHenry V—ruled England 1413-1422Henry VI, Parts 1, 2, and 3—ruled England from 1422-1461 and 1470-1641Richard III—ruled England 1483-1485Henry VIII—ruled England from 1509-1547 Problem Plays Shakespeares so-called Problem Plays are plays that do not fit into any of these three categories. Although most of his tragedies contained comic elements, and most of his comedies bits of tragic occurrences, the problem plays shift rapidly between truly dark events and comic material. Alls Well That Ends Well—a lowborn French woman convinces a countesss son that she is worthy of his loveMeasure for Measure—a Venetian duke tells everyone he is leaving the city but stays in town disguised to find out who his true friends areTroilus and Cressida—during the Trojan war, kings and lovers battle out their difficult stories

The Search Essay - 4128 Words

The Search I used to work for the F.B.I., in the Portland office. It was my childhood dream to be the one who gets the bad guy. My fiftieth birthday was in just three months. I had a wife and three children, still do, and the same job Id had since my graduation from Quantico. We were living just outside Portland. My oldest son, John jr., was in his third year at Washington. The twins were high school seniors at this time and my pride and joy, daddys little girls. Carolyn and I had celebrated our twenty- fifth anniversary, thats the silver one I think, the previous Thursday night. That warm July morning, I dressed for work as I had every other. Black socks and slacks, a pin striped white dress shirt, and a black†¦show more content†¦At quarter till nine, I called a full meeting, all department heads. â€Å"We seem to have ourselves a little situation here. I know you are all familiar with that case in the papers, the Dean Brown thing. This S.O.B. killed not only the Portland mayor, but two of his security, in case you are unfamiliar with all this. He used to work for the mayors office. The court sentenced him just two days ago, life without parole. I guess he didnt like the decision, because Mr. Brown escaped last night in transfer to the Oregon State Penitentiary. His whereabouts are presently unknown and I have been instructed to find him. As of now, the entire department will concentrate on this situation, all others suspended. This is the video, courtroom and escape.† I shut off the lights and pressed play. A small thin man, caucasian and under 510, entered the courtroom. He wore a wrinkled suit, dark blue with a white kerchief. His hair was slicked back, still wet and he was unshaven. He wore no expression, as if he were dead. The judge spoke slowly, pausing for breath as she read the sentence. After the announcement, the defendant simply rose and extended his hands so he could be detained. Still the face of the small figure on the screen did not change. He was hand-cuffed and led away. The scene abruptly shifted to the penitentiary grounds. A line of orange clad men, heads low, lurched forward into theShow MoreRelatedIdentifying The Search For An Keyword Search Tool1653 Words   |  7 Pagesutilize is using a keyword search. This is probably the easiest to implement in searching for specific emails. Keyword search tools generally come in two types, indexed or not indexed. An indexed keyword search tool depends on the index that it created in order to actually locate documents having the specific search terms. A non-indexed keyword search scans through the document with each search iteration to determine whether the specific term exists. They keyword search will accurately find documentsRead MoreSear ch Engines : Search Engine1165 Words   |  5 PagesNeftali Ramos Search Engines A search engine is a website or program used to find information on the internet. 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Analysis on Students’ Late-Coming Factors Free Essays

These past school years, many Senior High school students come late to school. As a result, their academic subjects are affected as well as their grades. They will miss classes that can affect to their class performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis on Students’ Late-Coming Factors or any similar topic only for you Order Now That’s why every Senior High school students should eliminate the cause regarding tardiness as soon as they can. A tardy student presents a lack of responsibility and punctuality. Being tardy is a sign of neglectfulness and a waste of time. Being on time, not just in school but also in every appointment/s that we have, is not only a duty for students, but also a part of good manners, reverence and reputation. Hence, students should be aware on how to value time and do their best not to be unpunctual individual at all times. Nowadays, tardiness is not an issue for Senior High School students. For them, it is a normal thing at all. Some reason that promotes the tardiness of students can tell whether it is being committed or being peer pressured. When they come to class late, they can buckle the flow of a discussion, distract their classmates, delay learning, and generally erode class morale. Moreover, if left unchecked, lateness can increase the number of possible reasons students arrive ate to their class, become chronic and spread throughout the class. â€Å"Students who regularly meet with mentors are 52% less likely than their peers to skip a day of school, 37% less likely than their peers to skip a class period, and are 36% more likely to aspire to enroll in and graduate from college.† (Mobius Mentors) They say punctuality is the soul of everything that what we do. Being punctual avails us to engage with many opportunities. But how can a student avail this opportunities if they are often linked into tardiness? For the past years, most students forget to apply punctuality. They are unpunctual and very lazy to go to school and engage with school activities wherein those activities can enhance their mental and social capability. Students linked into tardiness increases every year. And because of this, school principals create some alternative ways to help students to fulfill their teachers’ requirements and give students some punishments so that they won’t commit it again. The given tasks that gave to those unpunctual students will be guided by their parents or guardian. And because it they won’t disturb ongoing classes that usually get to misinformed them during classes in a particular subject/s. How to cite Analysis on Students’ Late-Coming Factors, Papers

Blood Transfusion free essay sample

The purpose of this module is to teach the clinical RN the basics of blood, how to administer a blood/blood component transfusion safely, and the hazards of transfusion related to blood administration. This module is indicated for teaching purposes based on the fact that the NHS requires at least quarterly review of blood usage, oversight of blood transfusion practices, documentation of blood transfusion errors, and evidence of corrective actions taken. Results of one study found that individuals lack of knowledge and training, along with inadequate policies and procedures, were the key elements in more than 350 blood transfusion-associated deaths (Bower amp; Craig, 1997) What is a Blood Transfusion? A blood transfusion is a safe, common procedure in which blood is given to you through an intravenous (IV) line in one of your blood vessels. Blood is transfused either as whole blood (with all its parts) or, more often, as individual parts. The individual parts include red blood cells, platelets, clotting factors, and plasma. Each year, almost 5 million Americans amp; British need a blood transfusion. While most blood transfusions go well, mild complications can occur and serious problems may develop. The Individual Parts Defined Red Blood Cells -the most numerous blood cell, about 5,000,000 per microliter. Red blood cells make up about 40% of our total blood volume, a measure called the hematocrit. Their color is caused by hemoglobin, which accounts for nearly all of the red cell volume. Hemoglobin is the critical protein that transports oxygen from our lungs to the tissues. Red blood cells are normally shaped as round, biconcave discs. Red Blood Cells Image obtained from http://embryology. med. unsw. edu. au/Notes/heart20. htm) Platelets -the smallest of the three major types of blood cells, are only about 20% of the diameter of red blood cells and the normal platelet count is ~150,000-350,000 per microliter of blood. The principal function of platelets is to prevent bleeding. Platelets (Image obtained from http://ouhsc. edu/platelets/Platelets/platelets%20intro. html) Clotting Factors -proteins in the blood that control bleeding. Plasma -a pale yellow fluid that consists of about 92% water and 8% other substances, such as proteins, ions, nutrients, gases, and waste products. It is a colloidal solution which is a liquid containing suspended substances that do not settle out of solution. Most of the suspended substances are plasma proteins, which include albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen. Plasma volume remains relatively constant. Normally, water intake through the digestive tract closely matches water loss through the kidneys, lungs, digestive tract, and skin. Plasma (which is in the yellow) Image obtained from : http://www. mhhe. com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/tr/m1/s2/ Brief History of Blood Transfusions 665 The first Blood transfusions of record take place. Animal experiments conducted by Richard Lower, an Oxford physician started as dog-to-dog experiments and proceeded to animal-to-human over the next two years. Dogs were kept alive by the transfusion of Blood from other dogs. 1795 In Philadelphia an American physician, Philip Syng Physick, performed the first known human Blood transfusion, although it was not published. 1818 James Blundell, a British obstetrician, performed the first successful transfusion of human Blood to a patient for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, a group A individual can receive blood only from individuals of groups A or O (with A being preferable), and can donate blood to individuals with type A or AB. * Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma). Therefore, a group B individual can receive blood only from individuals of groups B or O (with B being preferable), and can donate blood to individuals with type B or AB. * Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma). Therefore, an individual with type AB blood can receive blood from any group (with AB being preferable), but can donate blood only to another type AB individual. * Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma). Therefore, a group O individual can receive blood only from a group O individual, but can donate blood to individuals of any ABO blood group (i. e. A, B, O or AB). If anyone needs a blood transfusion in an extremely dire emergency, and if the time taken to process the recipients blood would cause a detrimental delay, O Negative blood can be issued. Blood Administration * Obtain Signed Consent for the administration of blood products * Check the Drs Order * Determine Clients Allergies and previous transfusion reactions (this can be assessed by simply asking the client if they have had a transfusion before and how they tolerated it) * Obtain baseline vitals and then per hospital/institution policy * Utilize #18 gauge needle * Check Crossmatch Record With 2 Nurses: * ABO- Group * RH Type * Clients Name, Date of Birth and Medical Number * Expiration Date * Administer Immediately- do not store the blood or leave it. If for any reason the blood/blood components are not to be hung, blood may be sent back to Blood Bank (check hospital policy and procedure as most institutions require that blood/blood products must be administered within 30 minutes upon receipt) * Do not warm the blood unless there is a risk of hypothermic response- Then Only by specific blood warming equipment * Never add any medications to blood products * Infuse each unit over 3-4 hours but no longer than 4 hours   Transfusion Reactions Occurs in the first 10-15 minutes or first 50 cc of Blood Reactions can be ALLERGIC, FEBRILE, or HEMOLYTIC (Utilize the Acronym AFH for memorization purposes)   ALLERGIC Signs and Symptoms include the following: * Facial flushing * Hives * Rash FEBRILE Signs and Symptoms include the following: * Fever * Chills * Anxiety * Headache * Tachycardia * Tachypnea HEMOLYTIC Signs and Symptoms include the following: * v Blood Pressure * Tachypnea * Fever * Chills * Apprehension * Headache * Tachycardia * Chest Pain or Lower Back Pain Recent Facts amp; Statistics Regarding Transfusions * Hemolytic transfusion reactions occur in 1 per 40,000 transfused units of packed RBCs. Nonhemolytic febrile reactions and minor allergic reactions are the most common transfusion reactions, each occurring in 3-4% of all transfusions. Nonhemolytic febrile reactions and extravascular hemolysis are observed more commonly in patients who have developed antibodies from prior transfusions. * Anaphylactic reactions occur in 1 per 20,000 transfused units. * Due to improved preventative measures, the incidence of GVH disease is less than 0. 15% * Transfusion-related acute lung injury complicates 0. 1-0. 2% of all transfusions. Risk of transfusion-related hepatitis B is 1 per 50,000 units transfused. Risk for hepatitis C is 1 per 3000-4000 units transfused. * Risk of transfusion-related HIV infection is 1 per 150,000 units transfused. (Kardon, 2009) What do you do if you suspect a Transfusion Reaction? STOP the transfusion immediately * Maintain the line with Normal Saline VERIFY patient identification * Hospital armband, Typenex band, and blood bag must be identical NOTIFY the patients physician STAT * Treat the signs per Drs order and Monitor Vitals * If requested by the physician, initiate transfusion reaction work up NOTIFY Blood Bank STAT Check the Policies/Procedures of the facility at which you are employed * You may have to bag the blood component, IV tubing, filters and all labels in a biohazard bag and it may have to be submitted/returned back to the laboratory as further testing of the components may be clinically warranted (It is a standard policy at Maricopa Medical Center that those components are submitted back to the lab as routine Microbiology cultures are performed to ensure the sterility of the blood) * Additional forms may be required to complete (i. . Transfusion Reaction Forms) * Further samples may be collected from the patient (i. e. Urine, blood samples, etc.